Monitoring cardiac output is essential in the treatment of critically ill patients. It may improve the indication and choice of treatment in a hemodynamically unstable patient. Furthermore, the ...

Blood pressure is routinely monitored in neonatal units. Clinicians rely on its absolute value to guide therapy and the prescription of volume expanders and inotropes. However, systemic blood pressure ...

High output and low output heart failure refer to how much blood your heart pumps to your body with each heartbeat. In both cases, the output is not enough to meet your body’s needs. A diagnosis of ...