Douglas MacGregor's Theories X and Y classify employees as either extrinsically motivated by fear of consequences or desire for reward, or intrinsically motivated by a will to succeed, respectively.

Leadership is vital in all organizational contexts, impacting team performance, engagement, and innovation (Seo et al., 2025). The motivational style of a leader influences organizational culture, ...

In 1968 Dr. Edwin Locke wrote that employees are motivated by two things: clear goals and appropriate feedback. In this age of instant communication and short deadlines, it is important to create a ...

1 School of Management, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China 2 School of Labor and Human Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China Despite the fact that unethical pro-organizational ...

One of the most essential parts of a workforce that fundamentally defines how the course of an organization may turn out is what the company is made of: its employees. Every individual at a company ...

Manager’s view of tools available to recruit, develop, appraise, compensate, organize, and lead a team going through change. Application of psychological principles relating to human dynamics, ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract This study investigated the effects of individuals' affective traits (i.e., affect intensity and affect disposition) and affective states (i.e ...