The Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) provides a quantitative means of characterising how light is reflected from a surface. It is defined as the ratio of radiance scattered by ...

Through the use of a connected camera, GeoImage™ is capable of quickly and accurately measuring the reflectance of vitrinite macerals. As a tool that has been specifically designed for organic ...

We have examined Pluto's near infrared reflectance by means of photoelectric photometry using a filter whose effective wavelength is 0.86 micron. The ratio of Pluto's reflectance at 0.86 micron to ...

Precision farming, which relies on spatially heterogeneous application of fertilizers, biologically active compounds, pesticides, etc., is one of the leading trends in modern agricultural science. A ...

Field spectroscopy enables scientists to measure how different materials interact with electromagnetic energy and therefore underpins the technology enabling us to view the world from the air or space ...

Measures total hemispherical reflectance, 3 to >35 micrometers, and performs integrated total hemispheric reflectance measurement, 250 nm to 2500 nm. The TESA 2000, by virtue of an advanced optical ...

Diamonds, which captivate the eyes of many people, are either natural or synthetic. Natural diamonds are mined from the earth and synthetic diamonds are artificially made. In recent years, it has ...

A research team has developed a new hybrid artificial intelligence framework that can accurately estimate leaf nitrogen ...

High-throughput, noninvasive field phenotyping has revealed genetic variation in crop morphological, developmental, and agronomic traits, but rapid measurements of the underlying physiological and ...