2 Department of Physical Therapy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA 3 Department of Physical Therapy, Arcadia University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA 4 Department of Physical ...

Correspondence to Aaron Sciascia, Shoulder Center of Kentucky, 700 BobO-Link, Lexington, KY 40504, USA; ascia{at}lexclin.com The scapula serves many roles in order for proper shoulder function to ...

Scapular kinematics and muscle activity are fundamental aspects of shoulder function and rehabilitation. The scapula serves not only as a base for multiple muscular attachments but also as a dynamic ...

The scapula has its own set of joint actions: The shoulder girdle has a set of joint actions specific to motion of the scapula. Although this may seem like just another set of confusing terms to ...

Here are a few fitness terms you might hear at a gym, in a fitness video, or from a physiotherapist: protraction, retraction, elevation, and depression. Add to this the upward rotation, and a downward ...