The first sugar substitutes, like saccharine, became commonly used during the First World War when real sugar became scarce. They weren’t a way to lose weight. They were a way to replace what was no ...

Scientists and health-care professionals have been exploring blood substitutes for centuries. The pandemic, which has caused blood shortages, has cast new light on that search. Even in non-pandemic ...

> There is no shortage of atabrine, the synthetic substitute for quinine. > But if more is needed, the atabrine patents will be available, royalty free, to a score of pharmaceutical manufacturers who ...

Researchers have synthesized a set of chemical relatives of DNA that can base pair and transfer information with it. They then evolved enzymes that could copy it, and showed that the synthetic genetic ...

In Tricia Romano’s “The Freaks Came Out to Write,” an editor sums it up: “We were such a weird animal. We weren’t apples or oranges. We were like a kumquat.” ...