Your support goes further this holiday season. When you buy an annual membership or give a one-time contribution, we’ll give a membership to someone who can’t afford access. It’s a simple way for you ...

Abstract: Discrete exponential operation, such as modular exponentiation and scalar multiplication on elliptic curves, is a basic operation of many public-key cryptosystems. However, the exponential ...

Pillow is the friendly PIL fork by Jeffrey A. Clark and contributors. PIL is the Python Imaging Library by Fredrik Lundh and contributors. As of 2019, Pillow development is supported by Tidelift. The ...

We independently review everything we recommend. We may get paid to link out to retailer sites, and when you buy through our links, we may earn a commission. Learn more› By Samantha Schoech and Mari ...

Abstract: This paper proposes new chosen-message power-analysis attacks for public-key cryptosystems based on modular exponentiation, where specific input pairs are used to generate collisions between ...

A Python implementation of a chaotic N-pendulum simulation using Lagrangian mechanics. This shows the extreme sensitivity of chaotic systems to initial conditions. Customizable node count, string ...