Introduction to ciphers and substitution. Alice and Bob and Carl and Julius: terminology and Caesar Cipher ; The key to the matter: generalizing the Caesar Cipher ; Multiplicative ciphers ; Affine ...
1. Introduction -- 2. From Julius Caesar to simple substitution -- 3. Polyalphabetic systems -- 4. Jigsaw ciphers -- 5. Two-letter ciphers -- 6. Codes -- 7. Ciphers for spies -- 8. Producing random ...
U.S. stock futures were lower this morning, with the Dow futures falling around 200 points on Monday. Shares of CleanSpark Inc (NASDAQ: CLSK) fell sharply in pre-market trading. Shares of ...
Pete Rathburn is a copy editor and fact-checker with expertise in economics and personal finance and over twenty years of experience in the classroom. d3sign / Getty Images A blockchain is a secure ...
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