Abstract: This study focuses on the urban transportation system by using the ant colony algorithm and Dijkstra's algorithm, aiming to comprehensively analyze the transportation system by combining ...

Abstract: Cryptographic techniques are reviewed in this literature review, with particular attention paid to their applicability, importance, contributions, and field strengths. These algorithms ...

For all 4 algorithms, more balanced classes (multiplier: 0.93-0.96 for a 1% increase in minority class proportion) were associated with decreased sample size. Other characteristics varied in ...

The original version of this story appeared in Quanta Magazine. Imagine a town with two widget merchants. Customers prefer cheaper widgets, so the merchants must compete to set the lowest price.