The release of a Leaders’ Declaration during the G20 Summit, held in Johannesburg at the end of South Africa’s 2024/25 presidency, has been widely heralded as a win for South Africa’s diplomatic ...

David Christianson is a consultant. He has previously been a political scientist, NGO researcher and development banker. He entered business journalism in 1997 and was Diageo African Business Writer ...

The AfCFTA Protocol on Women and Youth in Trade (hereinafter the Protocol) is an international legal instrument and an integral part of the African Continental Free Trade Area. Modern Free Trade Areas ...

After Trump’s re-election in November 2024, the White House stated that “reciprocal tariffs were a big part of why Americans voted for President Trump – it was a cornerstone of his campaign from the ...

CHAM Etienne BAMA holds a PGDip in Law from the University of Yaoundé II, Soa. He has been working for the past ten years on International Trade Policy issues with a focus on export promotion, trade ...

Led by Senior Programme Officer – Customs, Alcides Monteiro, the SADC team conducted its assessment from November 18 to 21, 2025. The objectives of the study were comprehensive, focusing on several ...

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The 16 th Summit of Heads of State and Government of the East African Community (EAC) was held on 20 February 2015, in Nairobi, Kenya. The Summit was held under the theme “Deepening and accelerating ...

Gerhard Erasmus is a founder of tralac and Professor Emeritus of the Law Faculty at the University of Stellenbosch. He holds degrees from the University of the Free State, Bloemfontein (B.Iuris, LL.B) ...

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According to Article 23 of the Agreement Establishing the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA), entry into force occurs 30 days after the 22nd instrument of ratification is deposited with ...

South Africa should diversify trade, ex-deputy finance minister says (Semafor) South Africa must shift to a “free trade approach,” away from its current focus on investment tr ...